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Publications *(linked PDF's are noted where available)
Apple, M., C. Thee, V. Smith-Longozo, C. Cogar, C. Wells and R. Nowak. 2005. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa Roots Varies with Precipitation and Season in the Mojave Desert. Symbiosis 39.
Olszyk, D., M. Apple, B. Gartner, R. Spicer, C. Wise, E. Buckner, A. Benson-Scott and D. Tingey. 2005. Xeromorphy increases in shoots of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco seedlings with exposure to elevated temperature but not elevated CO2. Trees 19:552-563.
Apple, M., K. Tiekotter, M. Snow, J. Young, D. Tingey, A. Soeldner, and B.J. Bond. 2002. Needle Anatomy Varies with Increasing Tree Age in Douglas fir. Special Issue: Age-Related Change in Structure and Function of Trees and Forests in the Pacific Northwest. Tree Physiology 22:181-189
Apple, M., B. Bond, J. Young and D. McCready. 2000. Elemental Analysis of Astrosclereids in Needles of Old-growth Douglas Fir Trees. Abstract IN: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Annual Report. www.emsl.pnl.gov
Apple, M. E., D. P. Ormrod, J. D. Lewis, D. M. Southworth, D. M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. 2000. Morphology and stomatal function of Douglas-fir needles exposed to climate change: elevated CO2 and temperature. International Journal of Plant Sciences 161:127-132.
Apple, M., R. Hamill, A. Soeldner, and K. Tiekotter. 1999. Astrosclereids in needles of old-growth Douglas-fir trees. Microscopy and Microanalysis, Abstract, Volume 5, Supplement 2, Proceedings:1240-1241.
Apple, M. E., Lucash, M. S., D. L. Phillips, D. M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. 1999. Internal temperature of Douglas-fir buds is altered at elevated temperature. Environmental and Experimental Botany 41:25-30.
Olszyk, D. M., C. Wise, E. VanEss, M. Apple, and D.Tingey. 1998. Phenology and growth of shoots, needles, and buds of Douglas-fir seedlings with elevated CO2 and/or temperature. Canadian Journal of Botany 76:1991-2001.
Apple, M. E., Lucash, M. S., D. M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. 1998. Morphogenesis of Pseudotsuga menziesii buds is altered at elevated temperature but not at elevated C02. Environmental and Experimental Botany 40:159-172.
Apple, M. E., M. M. Harlin, and J. H. Norris. 1996. Characterization of Champia parvula (Rhodophyta) tetraspore mucilage and rhizoids with histochemical stains and FITC-labelled lectins. Phycologia 35:245-252.
Apple, M. E. and M. M. Harlin. 1995. Inhibition of tetraspore adhesion in Champia parvula (Rhodophyta). Phycologia 34:417-423.
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